Strong Room-Temperature Bulk Nonlinear Hall Effect in a Spin-Valley Locked Dirac Material

Nonlinear Hall effect (NLHE) is a new type of Hall effect with wide application prospects. Practical device applications require strong NLHE at room temperature (RT). However, previously reported NLHEs are all low-temperature phenomena except for the surface NLHE of TaIrTe4. Bulk RT NLHE is highly desired due to its ability to generate large photocurrent. Here, we show the spin-valley locked Dirac state in BaMnSb2 can generate a strong bulk NLHE at RT. In the microscale devices, we observe the typical signature of an intrinsic NLHE, i.e. the transverse Hall voltage quadratically scales with the longitudinal current as the current is applied to the Berry curvature dipole direction. Furthermore, we also demonstrate our nonlinear Hall device's functionality in wireless microwave detection and frequency doubling. These findings broaden the coupled spin and valley physics from 2D systems into a 3D system and lay a foundation for exploring bulk NLHE's applications

Surface Charge Induced Dirac Band Splitting in a Charge Density Wave Material (TaSe4)2I

(TaSe4)2I, a quasi-one-dimensional (1D) crystal, shows a characteristic temperature-driven metal-insulator phase transition. Above the charge density wave (CDW) temperature Tc, (TaSe4)2I has been predicted to harbor a Weyl semimetal phase. Below Tc, it becomes an axion insulator. Here, we performed angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements on the (110) surface of (TaSe4)2I and observed two sets of Dirac-like energy bands in the first Brillion zone, which agree well with our first-principles calculations. Moreover, we found that each Dirac band exhibits an energy splitting of hundreds of meV under certain circumstances. In combination with core level measurements, our theoretical analysis showed that this Dirac band splitting is a result of surface charge polarization due to the loss of surface iodine atoms. Our findings here shed new light on the interplay between band topology and CDW order in Peierls compounds and will motivate more studies on topological properties of strongly correlated quasi-1D materials.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures. Comments are welcom

Treatment of hepatic cystic echinococcosis patients with clear cell renal carcinoma: a case report

Human cystic echinococcosis is a zoonosis caused by the larval cestode Echinococcus granulosus. Clear cell renal carcinoma is the most common pathological type of renal cell carcinoma. Echinococcosis complicated with carcinoma is rarely reported. Here, we reported a female patient with echinococcal cyst of the liver accompanied with clear cell renal carcinoma. This 27-year-old woman was admitted for abdominal pain. The serological testing of hydatid cyst was positive and levels of tumor markers were within the normal range. The computed tomography and histological findings confirmed hepatic echinococcal cyst complicated with renal carcinoma of kidney. Preoperative liver function was grade A. The patient underwent pericystectomy of liver hydatid cyst and partial nephrectomy. No recurrence was found at 1 year of follow-up. Liver hydatid complicated with renal cell carcinoma is rare, which should be differentiated from liver metastasis of renal cancer. Surgical resection is the optimal treatment. This case may provide insight for the diagnosis and research on the co-occurrence of tumor and hydatid cyst

Cardiac Microvascular Barrier Function Mediates the Protection of Tongxinluo against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

<div><p>Objective</p><p>Tongxinluo (TXL) has been shown to decrease myocardial necrosis after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) by simulating ischemia preconditioning (IPC). However, the core mechanism of TXL remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the key targets of TXL against I/R injury (IRI) among the cardiac structure-function network.</p><p>Materials and Methods</p><p>To evaluate the severity of lethal IRI, a mathematical model was established according to the relationship between myocardial no-reflow size and necrosis size. A total of 168 mini-swine were employed in myocardial I/R experiment. IRI severity among different interventions was compared and IPC and CCB groups were identified as the mildest and severest groups, respectively. Principal component analysis was applied to further determine 9 key targets of IPC in cardioprotection. Then, the key targets of TXL in cardioprotection were confirmed.</p><p>Results</p><p>Necrosis size and no-reflow size fit well with the Sigmoid Emax model. Necrosis reduction space (NRS) positively correlates with I/R injury severity and necrosis size (<i>R²</i>=0.92, <i>R²</i>=0.57, <i>P</i><0.01, respectively). Functional and structural indices correlate positively with NRS (<i>R²</i>=0.64, <i>R²</i>=0.62, <i>P</i><0.01, respectively). TXL recovers SUR2, iNOS activity, eNOS activity, VE-cadherin, β-catenin, γ-catenin and P-selectin with a trend toward the sham group. Moreover, TXL increases PKA activity and eNOS expression with a trend away from the sham group. Among the above nine indices, eNOS activity, eNOS, VE-cadherin, β-catenin and γ-catenin expression were significantly up-regulated by TXL compared with IPC (P>0.05) or CCB (P<0.05) and these five microvascular barrier-related indices may be the key targets of TXL in minimizing IRI.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Our study underlines the lethal IRI as one of the causes of myocardial necrosis. Pretreatment with TXL ameliorates myocardial IRI through promoting cardiac microvascular endothelial barrier function by simulating IPC.</p></div

Scatterplot for observational values of necrosis and no-reflow sizes in the model group and all intervention groups.

<p><b>A</b>: Scatterplot for necrosis sizes and no-reflow sizes; <b>B</b>: Scatterplot and established model. Under similar no-reflow sizes, differences in necrosis size existed with different interventions. Diltiazem and verapamil reduce no-reflow size and necrosis size to a similar degree. IPC, verapamil and diltiazem reduced no-reflow size to a similar degree, but IPC caused a greater decrease in necrosis size than diltiazem or verapamil.</p

Comparison of lethal IRI under all interventions.

<p><b>A</b>: Illustration for lethal IRI zone. The no-reflow zone was unstained using thioflavin S, and the necrotic zone was unstained using TTC. The surviving myocardium lies outside the dotted line, and the necrotic myocardium lies inside of the dotted line. <b>B</b>: The positive correlation between NRS value and IRI value (<i>R</i>^<i>2</i> = 0.92, P<0.01) indicates NRS is a valuable surrogate marker for lethal IRI severity. <b>C-D</b>: Necrosis size is positively correlated with NRS (<i>R</i>^<i>2</i> = 0.57, P<0.01) or IRI value (<i>R</i>^<i>2</i> = 0.52, P<0.01), underlining the linear relationship between IRI and necrosis size. <b>E</b>: Necrosis size has weak linear relationship with no-reflow size (<i>R</i>^<i>2</i> = 0.10, P<0.01). <b>F-G</b>: Observational values of NRS and IRI were expressed as the mean±SE; the error bars were the standard deviations. The significance of differences between groups was analyzed using the one way ANOVA, *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i>< 0.01 vs IPC group. Abbreviations: NRS = necrosis reduction space; IRI = ischemia/reperfusion injury.</p